Rise of Nationalism in Europe
10th History Chapter- 1 Main point of the chapter. Write down the important point and build short Answer type questions and write in coment box below .
1.In 1848, Frederic Sorrieu, a French artist, prepared a series of four print visualizing his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social republic, as he called them.
2.Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure.
3.According to Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume.
4.This chapter will deal with many of the issues visualized by Sorrieu.
5.During the nineteenth century, nationalism emerged as a force which brought about sweeping changes in the political and mental world of Europe.
6.The end result of these changes was the emergence of the nation-state in the place of the multi-national dynastic empires of Europe.
7.A modern state, in which a centralized power exercised sovereign control over a clearly defined territory, had been developing over a long period of time in Europe.
8.A nation-state was one in which the majority of its citizens, and not only its rulers, came to develop a sense of common identity and shared history or descent.
9.This chapter will look at the diverse processes through which nation-states and nationalism came into being in nineteenth-century Europe.
Important concepts and definitions
French Revolution:The French Revolution(1789) was a major political and social change in the history of France and europe as a whole. The revolution became an inspiration and guideline for all revolutionaries and communists.
Nationalism: A feeling of oneness with the society or the state, love and devotion for the motherland and belief in the political identity of one‟s country are the basic attributes of nationalism.
Nation State :A state that establishes itself as a separate political and geographical entity and functions as a complete and sovereign territorial unit. This concept emerged in 19th century Europe as a result of the growth of nationalism.
Modern State: A state in which sovereignty is exercised by a centralized power over a specific territory and population.
Absolutist Government A system of government wherein limitless powers are vested in a single person or body. It is a monarchical form of government in which the ruler is the absolute authority and is not answerable to anybody.
Q..what steps did the French Revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity?
• Steps taken by French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people are as under:
1.Ideas of La patrie (FaterLand) and Le citoyen(citizens)
2.New French Flag of tri colour was introduced.
3.states General was elected and renamed National Assembly
4.New hymns were composed and oaths were taken.
5.centralized administrative system was introduced.
6.internal customs duties and dues were abolished
7.uniform system of weights and measures were introduced and French became the common language
Q. What changes Napoleon introduced to make administration more efficient?
Ruled France from 1799 to 1815.
Gained absolute powers in 1799 by becoming the First Consul.
Civil Code of 1804 / Napoleonic Code make administration more efficient
1.He established equality before law
2.Secured the right to property
3.Simplified administrative measures
4.He Abolished feudal system
5.Freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.
6.Transport and communication systems were improved.
7Napoleon took away political freedom, increased taxes, imposed censorship and forced people to join French army.
Q. Why did Tensions emerge in Balkans?
• The Balkans comprised modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro.
• Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation was under the control of the Ottomon Empire.
• The idea of Romantic nationalism made this region very explosive.
• The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more territory at the expense of each other.
• European powers were also looking for the extend their control over the area.
• This led to a series of wars in the region and finally resulted in the First World War.
(Awan Majahid )
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10th History Chapter- 1 Main point of the chapter. Write down the important point and build short Answer type questions and write in coment box below .

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Frederic Sorrieu print .dream of worldwide democratic and social Republic
Important points1.In 1848, Frederic Sorrieu, a French artist, prepared a series of four print visualizing his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social republic, as he called them.
2.Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure.
3.According to Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume.
4.This chapter will deal with many of the issues visualized by Sorrieu.
5.During the nineteenth century, nationalism emerged as a force which brought about sweeping changes in the political and mental world of Europe.
6.The end result of these changes was the emergence of the nation-state in the place of the multi-national dynastic empires of Europe.
7.A modern state, in which a centralized power exercised sovereign control over a clearly defined territory, had been developing over a long period of time in Europe.
8.A nation-state was one in which the majority of its citizens, and not only its rulers, came to develop a sense of common identity and shared history or descent.
9.This chapter will look at the diverse processes through which nation-states and nationalism came into being in nineteenth-century Europe.
French Revolution:The French Revolution(1789) was a major political and social change in the history of France and europe as a whole. The revolution became an inspiration and guideline for all revolutionaries and communists.
Nationalism: A feeling of oneness with the society or the state, love and devotion for the motherland and belief in the political identity of one‟s country are the basic attributes of nationalism.
Nation State :A state that establishes itself as a separate political and geographical entity and functions as a complete and sovereign territorial unit. This concept emerged in 19th century Europe as a result of the growth of nationalism.
Modern State: A state in which sovereignty is exercised by a centralized power over a specific territory and population.
Absolutist Government A system of government wherein limitless powers are vested in a single person or body. It is a monarchical form of government in which the ruler is the absolute authority and is not answerable to anybody.
Q..what steps did the French Revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity?
• Steps taken by French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people are as under:
1.Ideas of La patrie (FaterLand) and Le citoyen(citizens)
2.New French Flag of tri colour was introduced.
3.states General was elected and renamed National Assembly
4.New hymns were composed and oaths were taken.
5.centralized administrative system was introduced.
6.internal customs duties and dues were abolished
7.uniform system of weights and measures were introduced and French became the common language
Ruled France from 1799 to 1815.
Gained absolute powers in 1799 by becoming the First Consul.
Civil Code of 1804 / Napoleonic Code make administration more efficient
1.He established equality before law
2.Secured the right to property
3.Simplified administrative measures
4.He Abolished feudal system
5.Freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.
6.Transport and communication systems were improved.
7Napoleon took away political freedom, increased taxes, imposed censorship and forced people to join French army.
• The Balkans comprised modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro.
• Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation was under the control of the Ottomon Empire.
• The idea of Romantic nationalism made this region very explosive.
• The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more territory at the expense of each other.
• European powers were also looking for the extend their control over the area.
• This led to a series of wars in the region and finally resulted in the First World War.

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