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1.What attracted European trading companies to India?
Answer.
1.European trading companies were looking for new lands from which they could buy goods at a cheap price and carry them back to Europe to sell at higher prices. 2.The fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India had a big market in Europe.
3.Spices like Pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon too were in great demand. These were the reasons that attracted European trading companies to India.
2. What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company?
The reasons that caused the conflicts between Bengal nawabs and East India Company were:
a. Nawabs denied concessions to the East India Company on many occasions
b. Nawabs also demanded large tributes from the company
c. The company denied paying taxes
d. The company officials wrote insulting letters to the nawabs
3. How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company?
Answer.
Diwani rights are the rights that the British acquired to collect their own revenues and have the authority to decide on civil cases. This right benefited East India Company in several ways:
a. It allowed the Company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal
b. The monopoly of the East India Company on the trade started
c. Revenue of Bengal was used to export Indian goods out of the country
4. Explain the system of “subsidiary alliance”.
Answer.
It was introduced by Lord Wellesley to bring princely states under the control of the British. In this system, an Indian ruler had to maintain British troops in his state, either by giving some of his territories or by paying for the maintenance of the troops. They had to maintain a British resident at their courts. This system allowed the British to maintain a large army at the expense of the local rulers.
It was introduced by Lord Wellesley to bring princely states under the control of the British. In this system, an Indian ruler had to maintain British troops in his state, either by giving some of his territories or by paying for the maintenance of the troops. They had to maintain a British resident at their courts. This system allowed the British to maintain a large army at the expense of the local rulers.
The system of the subsidiary alliance made Indian rulers let go of their armed forces and come under the protection of East India Company.
5. In what way was the administration of the Company different from that of Indian rulers?
Answer.
The difference in the administration of the company and that of the Indian rulers is given below:
| Company Administration | Indian Rulers Administration |
| The company divided the territories into presidencies | Indian rulers divided the territories into district, pargana, tehsil and parishad |
| Governor ruled the administrative units | Zamindar or Peasants were responsible for their units |
| Governor-General was the head of the state | King or Nawab was the head of the state |
6. Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of the Company’s army.
Answer.
The army of EIC was known as Sepoy Army. The main participants of the army were the peasants of India, trained by the EIC to become professional soldiers. The major change in the EIC army was the domination of infantry over cavalry with the introduction of muskets, matchlocks to guard them. The company also introduced a uniform military culture where soldiers were given European training through drills and other exercises.
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